rumor(谣言)
rumor is the most primitive(原始的) way of spreading stories—by passing them on from mouth to mouth. but civilized(文明的) countries in normal times have better sources of news than rumor. they have radio, television, and newspaper.
in times of stress and confusion, however, rumor emerges and becomes widespread. rumors spread especially rapidly during wars when the customary news sources no longer give out enough information. since the people cannot learn through legitimate(合法的) channels, rumor thrives(繁荣).
ever those who do not believe them often repeat rumors. there is a fascination(魅力) about them. the reason is that the cleverly designed(设计好的) rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims(牺牲者). pessimistic(悲观的) rumors about defeat and